Event program

Thursday, 5/24/2012 9:00 AM - 1:00 PM, Galija, Hotel Admiral, Opatija Papers  9:00 AM - 9:15 AM O. Kuljača, K. Horvat (Brodarski Institute, Zagreb, Croatia), J. Gadewadikar (Alcorn State University, Lorman, United States) Describing Function Analysis of Systems with NN Compensated Odd Symmetric Nonlinear Actuators  Paper deals with NN compensated odd symmetric nonlinear actuators. Most actuators are nonlinear sporting odd symmetric nonlinearities such as deadzone and saturation. One of ways of dealing with such actuators is to try to compensate for nonlinearities by static neural networks. Compensated actuators can improve behavior of the system, but then arises the problem of stability analysis because compensated nonlinearity is now complex nonlinearity not described in common literature. One way of dealing with such problem is to perform stability analysis via describing function method. Paper will describe the method for compensating nonlinearities, recording describing function and performing stability analysis. 9:15 AM - 9:30 AM V. Bakarić, I. Mišković, K. Horvat (Brodarski Institute, Zagreb, Croatia) Hydroelectric Power Unit Simulator for Turbine Governor Testing  Computer-based simulator of water turbine has been developed for the purpose of turbine governor analysis, design and testing. During the final governor testing in the factory, the finished governor cubicle is linked with the hardware-in-the-loop turbine simulator using the signals which will later link it with the real turbine and its environment at the plant. During the earlier development phases, the governor is implemented as a part of the simulator. Besides helping in the governor design and subsequent improvements, the simulator significantly quickens commissioning of the governor system and thus both improves its quality and reduces costs. 9:30 AM - 9:45 AM L. Stipišić, D. Kosić, M. Kurtela (Brodarski institut, Zagreb, Croatia) Design and Simulation of Hidraulic Systems with FluidSIM Software  Paper presents application of Festo FluidSIM software in development and desing of turbine governing system hydraulics and similar systems in hydroenergetic facilities. Visaulisation, shematic approach and simulation of turbine governing hydraulics is extremly important due to unique characteristics of every system developed. Paper describes FluidSIM use in development, design and simulation of hydraulic systems. Simulation of hydraulic fluid directions, pressures and flow quantities with usage of standard or custom hydraulic components is detailed. Paper gives attention to advantages of applying software in fault detection during desing process, in system optimisation and selection of actuators. The importance of defining and tracking real system parameters like implemented forces and actuators travel path is described as well. List of available components and possibilities of parametrisation are given. Grafical display of realistic simulation parameters in real-time frame on charts is described. Software capabilities are presented through design and simulation process on two real industrial examples: hydraulic part of a turbine governing system at Dubrovnik hydro power plant, and, hydraulic control system of overflow system at Cakovec hydro power plant dam. 9:45 AM - 10:00 AM Z. Triska, N. Mišković, Đ. Nađ, Z. Vukić (University of Zagreb, FER, Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies, Zagreb, Croatia) Virtual Target Algorithm in Cooperative Control of Marine Vessels  Marine vessels (surface and underwater) present dynamic systems which are difficult to control due to their complexity, hydrodynamic effects and external forces. Moreover, cooperative control and guidance of these systems presents a task which still presents an intriguing research topic in the area of marine robotics. This paper presents a guidance method based on virtual targets (VT) applied to marine vehicles. The proposed algorithm is derived using a Lyapunov based approach which guarantees stability under external disturbances. Firstly, the VT algorithm is applied for path following of a single vehicle. It is demonstrated that this algorithm is convenient for following of conventional paths (line, circle arc, spline). Secondly, the VT algorithm is applied for cooperative control between two marine vehicles. The following formations of marine vessels will be described and analized: vehicle following – where one vehicle is the „leader“ followed by the „follower“ vehicle at a predefined distance; and the „wingman problem“ where two vehicles are required to follow a joint path at a constant predefined distance between them. Simulation results of the described algorithms will be given in the paper as well as the discussion on their quality. 10:00 AM - 10:15 AM N. Stilinović, N. Mišković, Đ. Nađ, Z. Vukić (University of Zagreb, FER, Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies, Zagreb, Croatia) Testing and Technical Characteristics of a Small Overactuated Marine Platform  The construction of one-man-portable marine vessels presents a challenging task. One such vessel, the marine platform described in this paper, is actuated with four thrusters in an X-shaped configuration which enable motion in surge, sway and yaw degree of freedom. This configuration is highly convenient for dynamic positioning as well as path following. The platform is built in the Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies and it comprises driver electronics for the thrusters, a GPS unit, a compass, batteries and a single board computer used for sensor integration and control. These components enable manual control from the ground station as well as autonomous operation mode. The communication with the ground station is accomplished using a two-way wireless link. This paper focuses on the description of technical characteristics of the components as well as their integration. In addition to that, special attention is given to the control software developed in LabVIEW and its performances. Preliminary test results are given proving the functionality of the described technical system. 10:15 AM - 10:30 AM Break  10:30 AM - 10:45 AM L. Paić-Antunović (n/a, Zagreb, Croatia), D. Jakobović (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Zagreb, Croatia) Evolution of Automatic Robot Control with Genetic Programming  This paper investigates the problem of automatic control of a robot model in an arbitrary two-dimensional environment. The robot control is based on behaviour evolution with the use of genetic programming (GP). A simulation environment is developed which allows automatic synthesis of different behaviours suited to the environment and user requirements. The influence that different robot properties and learning mechanisms have on the evolved behaviour are studied in depth. The results show that the presented approach is able to produce effective control procedures. 10:45 AM - 11:00 AM I. Brajer (SecurityHeroes, Zagreb, Croatia), D. Jakobović (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Zagreb, Croatia) Automated Design of Combinatorial Logic Circuits  This paper deals with automated design of combinatorial circuits with the use of cartesian genetic programming (CGP). The synthesis is based on user specifications of network functionality, while the network structure may be predefined. The results show that CGP approach is able to match the desired functionality while preserving other performance criteria, such as latency and number of gates. Additionally, the evolution process may use Verilog network descriptions as input files, which facilitates the design for larger number of inputs and test patterns. 11:00 AM - 11:15 AM T. Horvat, V. Spudić, M. Baotić (FER, Zagreb, Croatia) Quasi-stationary optimal control for wind farm with closely spaced turbines  Modern wind farms typically comprise a large number of wind turbines spread on a relatively small area. The closely spaced turbines are aerodynamically coupled since they share the common energy resource. The aerodynamical coupling is described by the wake model, which explains how the change in the energy extraction of a single wind turbine affects the operating conditions of other turbines. Wake models provide the basis for optimization of wind farm operation. The paper shows that at wind speeds lower than rated, the wind farm power production can be increased by optimizing the rotor speed of individual wind turbines. Furthermore, at wind speeds above rated, the power production can be redistributed among the turbines in the wind farm in order to equalize the loads and thus prevent excessive wear and tear of the exposed turbines. 11:15 AM - 11:30 AM V. Petrović, N. Perić (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Zagreb, Croatia) Identification of Wind Turbine Mathematical Model Suitable for Advanced Controller Design  The use of wind power has been increasing rapidly over last few decades and according to all predictions this trend is likely to continue. At the same time, the need for better cost effectiveness of wind power plants has stimulated growth in wind turbines’ size and rated power. On the other hand, the growth of wind turbines' size has also increased the structural flexibility and the loads wind turbines are exposed to. In order to design advanced controller that reduces structural loads and fatigue and that enables optimal energy conversion in a wide range of wind speeds, suitable wind turbine mathematical model is needed. Due to aerodynamic forces acting on wind turbine blades, standard wind turbine mathematical models are very complex and therefore not suitable for controller design. The scope of this paper is derivation of simplified wind turbine mathematical model which includes both aerodynamic effects and structural deformatins and yet it is simple enough for controller design. 11:30 AM - 11:45 AM Z. Pavlić, M. Šilić, T. Lugarić (Fakultet elektrotehnike i računarstva, Zagreb, Croatia) Debugging in consumer-programming oriented environments  Computer consumers are the largest group of computer users, many of which are highly creative and experts in their area. Despite the fact they have no formal education in computer programming, they want to express their creativity and develop their own applications which will satisfy their needs. Nowadays, consumers can build their own personalized software artifacts using Geppeto (Gadget Parallel Programming Tool) by building personalized workflows and dataflows over widgets, small standalone Web applications. However, computer consumers are prone to making mistakes while programming, which results in bugs in their applications. Consumers require assistance of skilled programmers in order to build dependable and error-free applications. This paper discusses new debugging methods based on professional debugging techniques, which will be understandable to average consumer. These methods will allow consumers controlled execution of their applications in order to find and remove bugs. Methods described in this paper are suitable for debugging consumer applications in a widget-oriented consumer programming environment like Geppeto, and include animated step-by-step execution of the consumer’s application, adding breakpoints within gadget composition and introducing interactive backtracking in order to detect erroneous widget. 11:45 AM - 12:00 PM Break  12:00 PM - 12:15 PM G. Delač, M. Šilić (Fakultet Elektrotehnike i računarstva, Zagreb, Croatia) Reliability Modeling for SOA Systems  Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a popular paradigm for development of distributed systems by composing the functionality provided by the services exposed on the network. In effect, the services can use functionalities of other services to accomplish their own goals. Although such an architecture provides an elegant solution to simple construction of loosely coupled distributed systems, it also introduces additional concerns. One of the primary concerns in designing a SOA system is the overall system reliability. Since the building blocks are services provided by various third parties, it is often not possible to apply the well established fault removal techniques during the development phases. Therefore, in order to reach desirable system reliability for SOA systems, the focus shifts towards fault prediction and fault tolerance techniques. In this paper an overview of existing reliability modeling techniques for SOA-based systems is given. Furthermore, we present a model for reliability estimation of a service composition using conditional probability. The model is applied to the service composition based on the orchestration model. A case study for the proposed model is presented by analyzing a simple Web Service composition scenario. 12:15 PM - 12:30 PM I. Grudenic, N. Bogunovic (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Zagreb, Croatia) Energy Saving Techniques in Datacenters  Number of internet users as well as number of large distributed computer systems has increased dramatically in the last decade. Large distributed computer systems serving lot of users are usually oversized in order to be able to keep up with user demand surges. However in many usage scenarios workload spikes are rare and systems operate on 20%-30% average utilization. Underutilized systems are shown to be power inefficient and different strategies are proposed to tackle this issue. In this paper we present an overview of different power saving techniques that target different types of systems and workloads. 12:30 PM - 12:45 PM E. Dodiu (Stefan cel Mare University, Munchen, Germany), V. Gaitan, A. Graur (Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania) Custom Designed CPU Architecture Based on Hardware Scheduler and Independent Pipeline Registers – Architecture Description  In order to assure the Quality of service (QoS) for some real time applications software schedulers tend to raise the OS tick frequency. Most of the time this is not a convenient solution because the imposed additional overhead can lead to a task deadline missing plus an application failure. It is possible to minimize this overhead by performing the task context switch operation in a dedicated hardware component. This paper presents a custom designed architecture with multi pipeline registers and a dedicated hardware scheduler meant to improve context switch and scheduler times compared to traditional software schedulers. Thursday, 5/24/2012 3:00 PM - 7:00 PM, Galija, Hotel Admiral, Opatija Papers  3:00 PM - 3:15 PM M. Bjelica, B. Mrazovac, V. Vojnović, I. Papp (Faculty of technical sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia) Gateway Device for Energy-Saving Cloud-Enabled Smart Homes  In this paper we present a solution of a gateway device for smart homes with the ability to interact with IPv6-enabled home devices over 6LoWPAN, answering to the need for the creation of ubiquitous, energy-saving home networks. The gateway also supports the traditional IPv4 interfacing over WiFi and Ethernet. UPnP over IPv6 is fully enabled so that all devices can be easily found by the UPnP discovery from any node in the network. Finally, the gateway enables the devices to be visible by a cloud server, which in turn enables a variety of web applications for home control to interact with home devices by using asynchronous API calls. In the paper the details of the proposed cloud-enabled smart home architecture are given, including the realization of the gateway device, 6LoWPAN end nodes and basic cloud services demonstration web application. 3:15 PM - 3:30 PM Ž. Tomšić, I. Gašić (Fakultet elektrotehnike i računarstva, ZAGREB, Croatia), G. Čačić (UNDP , ZAGREB, Croatia) Energy Management in the Public Building Sector – ISGE/ISEMIC Model  This paper introduces the Intelligent Information System for Monitoring and Verification of Energy Management in Cities (ISEMIC) which comprises processes of gathering data on buildings and their energy and water consumption, monitors consumption indicators, detects any anomalies or irregularities in time, sets energy efficiency targets and reports energy and water consumption savings. ISEMIC enables use of smart meters within an energy management for the first time in the region, along with a strong analytical capability which enables intelligent estimation of energy consumption based on multiple criteria. Public sector holds enormous potential for energy and water savings and thus is an area of interest for the application of the ISEMIC system. ISEMIC web application is developed in July, 2011. Purchase of smart metering equipment and establishment of smart metering infrastructure within project partner institutions is in conduction after which a full pilot run will be initiated. The potential impact of this project is very large and it would be an important example how significant savings can be achieved by systematic energy monitoring and management enabled by the use of the ISEMIC system. 3:30 PM - 3:45 PM D. Miljković (Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d., Zagreb, Croatia) Active Reduction of Power Transformer Noise Based on Synchronous Averaging of the Residual Noise Signal  Power transformer noise is a low frequency periodic noise concentrated in narrow bands around harmonics of twice the power grid frequency. The dominant cause of power transformer noise is magnetostriction of the transformer core material. A method for the active reduction of transformer noise based on synchronous averaging of the residual noise signal is introduced. The algorithm is not numerically intensive and is hence suitable for implementation on a microcontroller. 3:45 PM - 4:00 PM D. Miljković (Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d., Zagreb, Croatia) Engine Fault Detection in Twin Engine Piston Aircraft  Due to the inherent reliability of aircraft engines examples of engine faults are very rare. Hence, it is very difficult to devise mathematical models necessary for the fault detection. However, in case of twin engine aircrafts it is possible to detect potential engine faults by comparing static and dynamic parameters of both engines. In ideal case these parameters should be quite similar and their discrepancy could provide early warning of the pending engine problem or failure. 4:00 PM - 4:15 PM G. Martinović, L. Horvat, J. Balen (Elektrotehnički fakultet Osijek, Osijek, Croatia) Stochastic Approach on Hash Cracking  Hash functions are used everywhere today, from wireless communications to password storage. Some of them are proven to be mathematically insecure, but still the only way to crack most of them is brute-force or dictionary attack. Brute-force is usually discarded as an option since it consumes huge amounts of time. Dictionary attack is a regular approach on hash cracking. The attack is performed by selecting words from a dictionary and comparing their hashed value to the obtained value. Word selection is usually done sequentially, which indicates a very long execution time if the searched word is located at the end of the dictionary. This paper introduces a stochastic approach on word selection in a dictionary attack and shows that the approach is desirable if the searched word is found in the second half of the wordlist. 4:15 PM - 4:30 PM Break  4:30 PM - 4:45 PM D. Živkov, I. Kaštelan, E. Neborovski, G. Miljković, M. Katona (RT-RK LCC, Institute for Computer Based Systems, Novi Sad, Serbia) Touch Screen Mobile Application as Part of Testing and Verification System  In this paper it is presented one approach for creating testing environment of devices based on touch screens. Focused subject is testing of Android based devices, precisely required software to allow this. Android application has been developed that detects touches on screen, then packs them in formatted messages and sends them central point where they are interpreted. Beside this paper proposes model of complete testing environment that would proved fast, inexpensive automated solution for verification of touch screen devices. Base for this paper is previous research done on stimulation boards that provide fast and controlled way of simulation touch events based on electric capabilities of capacitive touch screen. Implemented environment has been tested using wide range of Android mobile phones (from top of class to first versions) to confirm software functionality and to analyze behavior of stimulation boards. 4:45 PM - 5:00 PM S. Kezic (In2 d.o.o., Zagreb, Croatia), V. Medved (Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia), M. Zagar (FER, Zagreb, Croatia) Augmented Healthcare Contribution by Measurement and Assessment of Locomotion Kinematics with NI Sensor  Many mainly chronic healthcare conditions affect human mobility and locomotion. Measurement and observation of this kind of capabilities can be impacted by subjective feelings of the clinicians. In the end, the results obtained may become inaccurate and inconsistent. This paper shows how information technology based on 3D human body motion tracking detection capability can help to provide a better and more appropriate assessment method. Moreover, the measurement results can be directly stored into the database system for future comparisons with new measurement data. In this way the clinician can easily document and observe how the treatment affects the patient as well as the progression of his/her recovery. 5:00 PM - 5:15 PM A. Ćorović, L. Kadrić, N. Lipa, S. Opanović, N. Nosović (ETF-Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) eMuseum - More Interesting Way of Learning from the Past  A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The more modern WSNs are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of WSNs was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. The possibilities for WSNs have excited scientists and researchers, the business community, military and government officials, and consumers alike for many years. The potential applications for WSNs and transducers (sensors combined with actuator mechanisms) are limited only by the imagination. Sensing alone is not enough for many applications—the ability to act on the sensory data is also required. A small, battery-powered platform capable of actuation is needed. This paper discusses the experiences with the implementation of WSN in bringing new content to museum visitors, making the visit more interesting and thus, attracting more visitors. Visit to a museum will become a much more interesting and fun. On the other hand, exhibits in the museum would be under better control and a lot safer. Every smallest change in temperature and light in the exhibit’s surroundings or movement of exhibit piece would be automatically detected. 5:15 PM - 5:30 PM D. Cafuta, I. Dodig, D. Grgec (Polytechnic of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia) Syncronization of Information Systems - Case Study  The purpose of this paper is to give an insight into an informatization and automation solution that in itself generated new problems. The paper describes a case study on the administrative applications used at the Polytechnic of Zagreb and proposes a solution for interfacing them. It shows how a lack of simple feature can make a system unusable and initiate a complex improvising solution to deal with it. The methods proposed are based on open-source and education licensed software and can be used in similar situations. The future implementation upgrade is proposed in the conclusion. 5:30 PM - 5:45 PM T. Kramberger, D. Cafuta, I. Dodig (Polytechnic of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia) Database System Performance in Correlation with Different Storage File Systems  Today databases are widespread over many applications. Information load is constantly increasing. This rapid grow is applied to databases. It could be suspected that choice of the file system used for storage can determine the database query response time. In this paper we performed several measurements of database responses on different file systems according to query load. Response time on standard database operation INSERT, SELECT and DELETE was measured and correlated. 5:45 PM - 6:00 PM Break  6:00 PM - 6:15 PM V. Tasić, D. Milivojević, M. Pavlov (Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, Serbia), V. Despotović, D. Brodić (Technical Faculty in Bor, Bor, Serbia) Microcontroller Based Systems for Peak Load Reduction  The peaks in energy consumption arise when a number of consumers start to run within a relatively short period of time. In the case of large consumers, this can lead to an overload of the electroenergetic system. In order of avoidance of such scenarios, the consumers have to pay peak load additionally. The share of this cost in overall costs for electricity can be significant, up to 50% for smaller production plants with discontinuous production. For large consumers, peak load costs usually do not exceed 30% of total costs for electricity. In order to reduce the peak load, it is necessary to provide consistent power consumption that is without major short-term peaks. The paper presents several examples of microcontroller based systems for peak load reduction. 6:15 PM - 6:30 PM I. Kuliš (Končar-KET, Zagreb, Croatia), A. Marušić (FER, Zagreb, Croatia) Protection relay software models in interaction with power system simulators  Modeling and simulation software developed for analyzing protective relaying applications and relay design concepts in power distribution is described in the paper. The intention was to develop an open system that is easy to use and allows simple future expansions. Easy to use presumes that the software should be suitable for teaching purposes. This is achieved by introducing new libraries of signal sources and relay elements developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Combined with the SIMULINK/SimPowerSystems, the mentioned libraries enable a variety of studies aimed at better understanding protective relay design approaches and procedures and related applications in power system. 6:30 PM - 6:45 PM D. Bojić (HEP PROIZVODNJA d.o.o., SPLIT, Croatia) Microprocessor Based Pipe Rupture Monitoring System on Pumped Storage Power Plant Velebit  Pumped storage power plant Velebit is one of the most important power production facilities in Repubublic Croatia. From the hydraulic and civil engineering aspect, the power plant may be divided into three parts: upper reservoirs, pressure headrace structures and power house structures with auxiliares and lower reservoir. Upper and lower reservoirs are connected with pressure tunel and steel penstock which is 2108 meter long. Pipe rupture monitoring system is one of the most advanced methods of people and environment protection from water leakage from steel penstocks or from consequences of their rupture. System is based on ultrasonic flow measurement method and microprocessor equipment with integrated protection algorithm. Flowmeters are placed on the beginning (top) of the pipe section which is monitored and on its end (bottom). Data acquired by these measurements are processed in two programmable logic controllers, in case they are unequal, alarms are sent or butterfly valve is shut as well as entire power plant. The thing which makes this system more interesting is the fact that it is installed on reverse hydroelectric power plant. System needs to operate in both flow directions with high precision. This paper is to pass experiences from system installation and its integration in plant process information system as well as plans for future system upgrade. 6:45 PM - 7:00 PM M. Konecki (Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Varaždin, Croatia) A New Approach towards Visual Programming for the Blinds  Visual user interfaces have left blind programmers that were able to perform programming job for years in a challenging situation. This problem has especially been present in classical desktop programming due to the nature of technology used in this field. Efforts have been made to help blinds work with graphical interfaces but none of them gave a fully usable solution for blind programming professionals. To solve this issue several different approaches can be applied but only one of them can lead to generally usable solution. In this paper mentioned approaches are discussed and proposed solution is described in more detail in the form of new system that would include a new description language and would enable blinds to make graphical interfaces as a part of their programs in a way that would be acceptable to not only professional programmers but also to designers and other blind computer hobbyists. The demands for this kind of system as a combination of initial ideas and results obtained by research among the blind programmers will also be presented. Finally, a formal description of proposed system and its parts including a description language as its core part will be given. Friday, 5/25/2012 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM, Bellavista, Grand hotel Adriatic, Opatija Papers  9:00 AM - 9:15 AM V. Belašić, J. Šimunić (Tehnički fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Rijeka, Croatia), A. Marušić (Fakultet elektrotehnike i računarstva Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Croatia) Process Information System Modeling for Distributed Energy Sources Using New Technological Solutions and Standards  Due to the strong impact of the deregulation of the electricity sector there is a growing need for the correct and timely information from different parts of the system. The introduction of an increasing number of modern intelligent electronic devices enables the interaction between devices in the electric power facility. This enables vertical and horizontal multi-dimensional data exchange. Different generations of different devices with their proprietary communication solutions prevent the establishment of free data and information exchange. Need for standardization of communication within the power system has resulted in the emergence of new standards. The increasing emphasis on ecology and sustainable development lead to a continuous growth of renewable energy sources. With the growing number of distributed energy sources on the power grid there is a need to establish a new model for process information system. This paper gives an overview of new technological solutions and standards that enable more efficient utilization of all available resources. Basic building blocks for the modeling process are presented. Certain specifics of distributed energy sources that affect the modeling process of information system for modern electric power system are presented. 9:15 AM - 9:30 AM M. Ašenbrener (Odjel za informatiku, Sveučilište u Rijeci, Rijeka, Croatia), B. Mrković (Tehnoalarm d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia) Definicija efikasnog komunikacijskog protokola za bežične senzorske mreže  Rad definira efikasan, pouzdan i konfigurabilan komunikacijski protokol za cluster-tree topologije bežičnih sentorskih mreža (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN). Podržane su bežične senzorske mreže sa velikim brojem modula u dometu radija, sa slobodnim pridruživanjem mreži i odjavljivanjem iz mreže, sa self-healing-om na razini routera, a sve uz osiguranu visoku efikasnost (minimalni energetski zahtjevi, potrošnja modula) – minimalni komunikacijski overhead i izbjegavanje kolizija. 9:30 AM - 9:45 AM M. Radovan, B. Pavlović (Končar KET, Zagreb, Croatia), L. Bitunjac (HEP Proizvodnja PP HE Jug, Split, Croatia) Integracija procesnog i poslovnog sustava u Centar sliva rijeke Cetine  Sliv rijeke Cetine prostire se na prostoru dviju susjednih država: Republike Hrvatske gdje pokriva površinu od oko 1200 km2 i Republike Bosne i Hercegovine sa površinom od oko 2440 km2. Na tom području nalazi se 6 hidroelektrana (CS B. Blato, HE Đale, HE Kraljevac, HE Orlovac, HE Peruća i HE Zakučac), 2 velike akumulacije (B. Blato i Peruća) te četiri kompenzacijska bazena (Đale, Lipa, Nejašmić i Prančevići). Ukupna instalirana snaga na Slivu je 860 MW s maksimalnom mogućom godišnjom proizvodnjom električne energije od 2500 GWH. Na Slivu je također instalirano 9 meteoroloških, 38 piezometarskih i 15 hidroloških postaja čiji je zadatak očitavanje i slanje hidroloških i meteoroloških parametara u centar za upravljanje. Zadatak Centra sliva rijeke Cetine je nadzor stanja svih navedenih objekata i analiza podataka koje oni prosljeđuju u sustave za prikupljanje podataka, u svrhu optimalnog iskorištenja vodnih kapaciteta za proizvodnju maksimalne količine električne energije uz minimalnu potrošnju vode. Za to se brinu različiti procesni i poslovni informacijski sustavi instalirani u Centru sliva. Procesni informacijski sustav obuhvaća sustave za prikupljanje podataka, nadzor i upravljanje hidroelektranama - SCADA (eng. Supervisory control and data aquisition), sustav obračunskih mjerenja ADVANCE, Automatski dojavni sustav ADOS koji prikuplja hidrološke podatke te sustav za prikupljanje meteoroloških podataka MeteoHep. Poslovni sustav se sastoji od sustava za izradu voznih redova, prognozu dotoka i simulaciju tečenja, te analitičkog sustava koji se zasniva na skladištu podataka i operativno-izvještajnog sustava nad kojim se nalazi Web portal. Poslovni sustav se interaktivno napaja podacima iz procesnog sustava u izvornom obliku te ih sprema za kasniju upotrebu, obrađuje i transformira u oblik prikladan za naknadno korištenje te analizira u svrhu optimiranja proizvodnje ali i izvještavanja. Integrator ovih sustava je baza podataka koja obuhvaća i Tehničko-statičku bazu podataka – sustav koji sadržava šifrarnike svih objekata s njihovim statičkim i dinamičkim svojstvima te vrijednostima parametara koji su statični i ne mijenjaju se. Taj sustav se koristi za mapiranje prema ostalim sustavima, kako izvornim sustavima procesnih podataka tako i sustavima za operativno izvještavanje i skladištenje podataka, a svakako i za operativne aktivnosti optimiranja proizvodnje. Komunikacija centralnog integratora s procesnim sustavima ostvarena je direktno na nivou baza podataka putem DB linkova i ODBC konekcija, kao i komunikacija centralnog i operativno-izvještajnog sustava, dok je komunikacija između aplikacija za optimizaciju i integralne baze podataka te komunikacija izvještajnog Web portala i njegove baze podataka ostvarena kroz SOA (eng. Service Oriented Architecture) arhitekturu. Cilj ovog rada je na transparentan način prikazati ideje i tehnološka softverska rješenja za jednostavan pristup prilično kompleksnoj problematici optimizacije proizvodnje električne energije i pogona složenih objekata i postrojenja. 9:45 AM - 10:00 AM I. Vukelić (HEP Proizvodnja d.o.o., Zagreb, Croatia) Razvoj i uvođenje informacijskog sustava za praćenje pokazatelja rada proizvodnih jedinica HEP Proizvodnje d.o.o.  Za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije U HEP Grupi je zadužena tvrtke – kćer: HEP Proizvodnja d.o.o. koja upravlja proizvodnim jedinicama u 25 hidroelektrana i 7 termoelektrana, s ukupno više od 80 generatora. Za potrebe prikupljanja, arhiviranja i obrade podataka o pokazateljima proizvodnje svih proizvodnih jedinica, samostalno se razvija i uvodi informatički sustav : Pokazatelji Proizvodnje Elektrana (PPE). Namjena sustava je stvaranje baze relevantnih podataka, njihov prikaz (izvještavanje), ali i pomoć u donošenju dobrih poslovnih odluka u planiranju i optimiranju rada proizvodne flote. Sustav se uvodi postupno u koracima, a trenutno su dostupni slijedeći podaci: trenutni status jedinica (raspoloživost), proizvodnja električne i toplinske energije, planirana proizvodnja, potrošnja, dobava i zaliha goriva, trenutna potrošnja plina, stanje akumulacija, preljeva i dotoka u hidroelektranama, emisije dimnih plinova. Aplikacija je izrađena na bazi METADATA relacijskog modela, koji dozvoljava gotovo neograničenu nadogradnju i fleksibilnost, pa zapravo nema granica pri praćenju i uvođenju novih podataka i novih funkcija. Transakcijski sloj je izrađen s Oracle Forms&Reports 10g alatima, dok je web portal napravljen Adobe Flex tehnologijom. Na veliku količinu podataka i zahtjeve aplikacije zadužena je Oracle 10g baza podataka. Iz aplikacije se kreiraju sva potrebna standardizirana izvješća o pokazateljima proizvodnje u oblicima prilagođenim razini i potrebi korisnika (web portal, pdf, excel). Osim toga, aplikacija nudi korisnicima samostalno kreiranje izvješća prema njihovim potrebama (Report Wizard), kao i servise automatskog slanja e-mail i SMS poruka s obavijestima i izvješćima. Prije razvoja PPE-a u HEP Proizvodnji d.o.o. nije postojao nikakav integralni informacijski sustav u ovom segmentu poslovanja. Projekt je u potpunosti izrađen vlastitim kadrovima i znanjem a korišteni su samo postojeći HEP-ovi resursi, bez ikakvih dodatnih troškova za tvrtku.. Obzirom na mogućnosti proširivanja podacima i funkcionalnim modulima, kao i mogućnosti povezivanja s drugim aplikacijama, ovaj informacijski sustav bit će vrlo koristan alat i izvor podataka u budućem poslovanju tvrtke u uvjetima otvorenog tržišta energije. KEYWORDS: Elektrana, električna energija, podaci, proizvodnja, informatički sustav, baza podataka, izvještavanje .. 10:00 AM - 10:15 AM B. Brestovec, M. Šlogar Brco (KONČAR - KET d.d., Zagreb, Croatia), P. Domijan, Ž. Beljan, S. Jurešić (INA RNR, Rijeka, Croatia) Distribuirani sustav daljinskog vođenja u Rafineriji nafte Rijeka  Elektroenergetski sustav u INA Rafineriji Nafte Rijeka (INA RNR) vrlo je veliki i složen sustav koji se sastoji od osnovnih dijelova: 35 kV prstena sa 5 glavnih TS i 3 turbogeneratora, pogonjena parnim turbinama, koji su sastavni dio termoelektrane u RNR. Za sve potrošače (broj i električna snaga su znatno povećani nakon modernizacije INA RNR) je napajanje električnom energijom osigurano i s 3 kabelska voda iz HEP-ove distribucijske mreže. Osnovni zahtjevi za osiguranjem pouzdanog i kontinuiranog napajanja električnom energijom procesnih postrojenja vrlo su visoki i strogi, te i kratkotrajan prekid u napajanju električnom energijom uzrokuje veliku ekonomsku štetu u vidu izgubljene proizvodnje i ubrzanog starenja, a potencijalno su moguće i havarijske situacije s uništenjem opreme i mogućim djelovanjem na sigurnost i zdravlje radnika. Kako bi se operateru energetskog sustava u INA RNR omogućio kompletan nadzor i upravljanje energetskim postrojenjima u tijeku je implementacija modernog distribuiranog sustava daljinskog vođenja u INA RNR. Osnova sustava predstavlja SCADA sustav koji preko daljinskih stanica prikuplja sve procesne podatke iz TS. Daljinske stanice prikupljaju podatke sa mjerno-zaštitnih-upravljačkih uređaja (numeričkih releja) na TS digitalnim komunikacijskim putem korištenjem IEC 60870-5-103 protokola i MODBUS RTU protokola, te žičanim putem preko U/I jedinica daljinske stanice. Ovim putem omogućeno je i upravljanje aparatima u poljima TS-a. Osim dijela SCADA sustava, Distribuirani Sustav Daljinskog Vođenja sastoji se i od Sustava Brzog Rasterećenja (FLS – Fast Load Shedding). Sustav Brzog Rasterećenja sastoji se od centralnog poslužitelja podataka i distribuiranih PLC kontrolera. Distribuirani PLC kontroleri prikupljaju podatke o stanjima aparata svih važnih čvorova u energetskom sustavu INA RNR putem čvrsto ožičenih signala na U/I jedinice PLC kontrolera. Ovim putem se osigurava brzo prikupljanje podataka koji su bitni za izračun topologije cjelokupne mreže, te za brzo djelovanje prilikom iskapčanja potrošača tijekom izvođenja algoritma Sustava Brzog Rasterećenja. Procesna mjerenja snage, struje i napona koja su ulazne veličine algoritma Sustava Brzog Rasterećenja dobivaju se iz daljinskih stanica preko MODBUS RTU protokola. Osnovne funkcije Distribuiranog Sustava Daljinskog Vođenja su: • Nadzor i upravljanje svim aparatima u glavnim TS sustava, • Nadzor nad procesnim mjerenjima sa numeričkih releja, • Centralna obrada i pohranjivanje svih podataka na redundantnim poslužiteljima, • Daljinski dohvat arhiva poremećaja sa pojedinog numeričkog releja, • Brzo rasterećenje sustava u trenutku odvajanja sa distributivne mreže HEP-a, • Zaštita i odvajanje energetskog sustava INA RNR na 3 kabelska voda iz HEP-ove distribucijske mreže, • Sinkronizacija (automatska i ručna) pojedinih dijelova sustava obzirom na vlastitu proizvodnju električne energije u RNR na tri turbogeneratora, • Optimizacija razmjene električne energije na mjestu razmjene sa distribucijskom mrežom HEP-a, • Automatski preklop sa zdrave elektroenergetske mreže na dio koji je ostao bez napajanja, • Algoritam automatskog restarta motora, • Nadzor i prikazivanje smjerova zemljospoja na pojedinim poljima u sustavu, • Bojanje topologije mreže s obzirom na izvore u energetskom sustavu, • Nadzor nad svim motorima u energetskom sustavu (6kV i 0,4kV). U članku se daje opis i pregled isporučenog sustava koji je u funkciji od početka 2012. godine te iskustva vezana uz ispitivanje i puštanje kompletnog sustava u pogon. 10:15 AM - 10:30 AM Break  10:30 AM - 10:45 AM M. Bagić Babac, D. Jevtić (FER, Zagreb, Croatia) Modeliranje transportnih tokova obojenom Petrijevom mrežom  Obojena Petrijeva mreža kao jezik i programsko pomagalo za modeliranje složenih konkurentnih distribuiranih sustava omogućava simulaciju transportnih tokova. Mehanizmom analize prostora stanja ukazuje na nedostatke, zastoje i nepravilosti transportnih tokova čija uklanjanja odnosno modifikacije značajno doprinose porastu efikasnosti cjelokupnog procesa transporta. U ovome radu prikazano je modeliranje obojenom Petrijevom mreže na primjeru kontejnerskih transportnih tokova brodova u lučkim terminalima. Korištenjem ovakvih programskih pomagala u procesima optimizacije moguće je značajano smanjiti ukupno vrijeme boravka broda u luci što je i krajnji cilj transportnih tokova kontejnera. 10:45 AM - 11:00 AM S. Ibrahimkadic (Fabrika duhana Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), S. Kreso (Elektrotehnički fakultet Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) Development of a Batch Control System  This paper describes the implementation of the project already presented at the 34th International Convention MIPRO 2011. A new control system for stem moisturizing line in Tobacco factory Sarajevo has been designed and implemented, including both PLC and SCADA applications. The aim of this paper is to investigate the benefits of control system design which implements the recommendations from the international standard for batch control systems IEC 61512-1, through a practical example. 11:00 AM - 11:15 AM Ž. UJEVIĆ ANDRIJIĆ (Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, ZAGREB, Croatia), R. Karlović, B. Žeželj (INA d.d., Rijeka, Croatia) A Soft Sensor development for the Estimation of Benzene Content in Catalytic Reformate  As vehicle emission standards become more stringent, there is an increasing need for continual monitoring of benzene content in gasoline. Since the on-line analyzers are often unavailable, and laboratory analyses are infrequently obtained, soft sensors for the estimation of benzene content of light reformate are developed. Soft sensors are developed using system identification methods. Experimental data is acquired from the refinery distributed control system (DCS) and include continuously measured variables and analyzer assays available on-line. In the present work, the development of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) model, an Output Error (OE) model and an Auto-Regressive Model with Exogenous Inputs (ARX) model are presented. To overcome the problem of selecting the best model parameters by trial and error, genetic algorithm was used. Based on developed soft sensors, it is possible to entirely replace on-line analyzers with soft sensors by embedding the model in a DCS on-site. 11:15 AM - 11:30 AM G. Malčić (Tehničko veleučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Croatia), I. Vlašić (Vjesnik d.d., Zagreb, Croatia), D. Maršić (Tehničko Veleučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Croatia) Primjena FPS metode raspoređivanja na sustavu automatizacije upravljanog PAC uređajem  Programabilni automatizacijski kontroleri (PAC) su nova generacija industrijskih upravljačkih uređaja koji kombiniraju funkcionalnost PLC uređaja i PC računala. PAC uređaji slijede normu IEC61131-3 koja programeru daje punu kontrolu nad redoslijedom i dinamikom izvršavanja procesnih zadataka (eng. task scheduling). U većini slučajeva se koristiti statičko raspoređivanje koje je tipično za upravljačke procese u industrijskim postrojenjima jer ono podrazumijeva prethodno poznavanje bitnih značajki procesnih zadataka kao što su učestalost zahtjeva za obradu. Iako se smatra nefleksibilnim, jer se zadacima dodjeljuju fiksni prioriteti (engl.Fixed-Priority Scheduling, FPS), ovo je najčešće korišteno raspoređivanje u takvim sustavima. Važna karakteristika ovako definiranog raspoređivanja je veća predvidljivost te mogućnost testiranja rasporedivosti koje se zasniva na ispitivanju iskorištenja procesa (metoda Liu & Layland). U ovom radu je uzet primjer upravljačkog programa gdje je primijenjen ISA S88 standard. Upravljački program ciklički izvodi programske module jedan iza drugoga što rezultira prevelikim ukupnim vremenom izvršavanja ciklusa od preko 260 ms. Kako program čita ulaze samo na početku ciklusa podaci se osvježavaju otprilike 4 puta u sekundi što je uzrok da se pojedina stanja periferije uopće ne registriraju. Rješenje ovog problema je da se kritične rutine izvršavaju periodički i osiguravaju neposredno ažuriranje stanja periferije. 11:30 AM - 11:45 AM D. Pažameta, K. Kekez (PA-EL d.o.o., Veliko Trgovišće, Croatia), D. Maršić, G. Malčić (Tehničko veleučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Croatia) Uređaj za mjerenje i prikupljanje podataka u katodnoj zaštiti  Izgradnjom plinskog transportnog sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj između ostalih su postavljeni visoki zahtjevi u pogledu održavanja sustava katodne zaštite plinovoda. Ovaj rad prikazuje razvoj programske podrške uređaja za prikupljanje podataka u katodnoj zaštiti koji podatke mjeri i pohranjuje na SD memorijsku karticu. Samim time podatke je moguće jednostavno prenijeti na računalo, a korištenjem programa MS Excel podaci se mogu grafički obrađivati. Uređajem se upravlja preko ugrađene tipkovnice, a na ugrađenom zaslonu mogu se vidjeti podaci iz procesa kao i trenutne vrijednosti koji se mjere. 11:45 AM - 12:00 PM L. Cvitaš (Tehničko veleučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Croatia) Idejno rješenje kalibracije industrijskog kompaktnog termometra  Kompaktni termometar je sklop mjernog senzora i mjernog pretvornika zatvoren u jedinstvenom kućištu od čvrstog materijala. Korisnik takav uređaj na lak način može montirati u industrijsko postrojenje ili drugu napravu ili stroj, te predviđene izvode tog termometra (naponski, strujni ili pak digitalni signal) spojiti na upravljački, nadgledani ili ini sustav gdje se informacija o izmjerenoj temperaturi koristi. U slučaju korištenja kompaktnog termometra, korisnik se ne mora brinuti o načinu spajanja samog senzora sa mjernim pretvornikom temperature (dvožično, trožičano, četverožično), pa u krajnjoj liniji ne mora ga niti zanimati koje je vrste sam senzor (otporni, naponski ili neki drugi), već ga zapravo samo zanima predviđeno mjerno područje takvog kompaktnog termometra, točnost mjerenja, te vrsta izlaznog signala. Naime primarna veličina koju senzor daje (otpor u konkretnom slučaju kad imamo platinski senzor) nije dostupna niti naknadno direktno mjerljiva, te otpada standardni postupak kalibracije gdje se u mjernom području kalibrira sam senzor (mjereći vrijednost otpora u više referentnih točaka temperature), da bi se izračunati Calendar van Dusen koeficijenti prenijeli u mjerni pretvornik temperature. Kalibracija samog ugrađenog mjernog pretvornika nije provediva kao kod samostalnog uređaja. Direktna simulacija senzora otpornom dekadom na ulazu nije moguća. Zbog svega navedenog u radu se obrazlaže idejno rješenje posebne kalibracije predložene izvedbe industrijskog kompaktnog termometra. Rješenje je osigurano usklađenom interakcijom programske podrške mikroupravljača mjernog pretvornika te same kalibracione metode koja se provodi u uvjetima serijske proizvodnje.